2026-04-28 at

Enakmen-enakmen Ugama Bukan Islam

The EUBI interstate fabric is quite interesting. It is remarkably absent from popular discourse. I look forward to a time when its constitutional basis can be openly debated without people feeling angsty about it. This is a significant fraction of my public work in Malaysian studies these days. Just talking about it.

computing in 2035 ?!

I've been waiting for computing fabric in bricks and clothes since before AWS launched lambda lol. Still not quite there yet. Broadly I think it's unanswered how computation will distribute out from centralised to edge or mesh topologies.

Industry STILL hasn't figured out that the basis of anthropomorphic conscious experience is the notion that phenomenology can be entirely quantified in terms of sensory data structures. It is very annoying watching them do everything but the important things. :)

Eventually complete commensurability with human function is a given - haven't questioned that since 2004. The more interesting question is how quickly we will graduate AI towards being junior legal persons with frameworks of rights and responsibilities.

AI in Malaysian Public Policy

Sorry I'm late! Not a top priority, but ... one of the drums I am banging on medsos now is AI sovereignty for Malaysia. The only "talked about" foundational model we seem to have in the works is ILMU by YTLol. We seem to be on the right track or a lot of DC capex, and the NSS2024 for the long3-term. We shall see how much attention Putrajaya puts on this. Meanwhile any plans to go very deep on other foundational models are ... apparently not spoken.

Tell me if you know of others!


Malaysia's AI supply-chain vulnerabilities are discussed briefly below. LLMs are of course, used at all levels of government process. 

And my concerns of course, aren't limited to LLMs or Malaysia. 

Applying the linguistic device of security rings, for illustrative purposes :

Ring 0 :

LLMs may not be the ideal tech to model neuro, but presuming that they are "the present limit of Malaysia's Federal AI interest" ...

Ring 1 :

LLM training and initiation allow for inherently malicious programming, unless otherwise proven. Doesn't matter where it's hosted, just that the foundational model0 is being copied around. 

  • 1.1 : open-source largely, but non-exhaustively, solves this
  • 1.2 : self-hosting, of course, reduces opportunities for a malicious model to dial-home, or simply perform corruption or inception, in genAI, chat, or other media, but how careful are installers, and operators? 

Ring 2 :

I think fine-tuning and RAG issue pop up here. Downstream developers and vendors can issue their models0.1, 0.2b, etc.

So ILMU is playing down here, in the Ring2 space, and (mis-) calling itself a foundational model. So are mostof the "we use FOSS models" developers.