(1/3)
1. UAE : US ally, so this is unsurprising. Google result for "us allies and muslim brotherhood" follows :
QUOTE
U.S. Allies Taking Action Against the Brotherhood
Banned/Labeled Terrorist: Egypt, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Israel, Jordan.
Actions Taken: These nations view the MB as a threat to their stability and security, with some providing material support to Hamas and orchestrating attacks on U.S. partners.
Austria & France: Have also taken steps against the organization.
Countries Supporting the Brotherhood
Qatar: A major financial sponsor, using Al Jazeera to promote MB ideology.
Turkey: Provides funding and a safe haven for MB leaders.
U.S. Position & Actions
Recent Push for FTO Designation: The Trump administration initiated a process to designate MB branches in Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan as terrorists, citing support for Hamas.
Congressional Efforts: Bipartisan bills have been introduced in Congress to codify the MB as a terrorist organization, though full U.S. designation remains debated.
Rationale: U.S. officials link the MB to destabilization, terrorism, and attacks against U.S. allies and interests, especially following the October 7 attacks.
UNQUOTE
(2/3)
2. MB : ideologically what MB is, is a transnational organisation, that seeks to establish Islamic government for humanity. Historically it has upheld certain stances on the use of violence which are internally coherent with Islamic ideological history (debateable) and thus antagonised various national governments.
Muslim Brotherhood - Wikipedia https://share.google/OmAqK1B8IALtFSWna
(3/3)
3. Malaysia : a middle-ground.
3a : While Malaysia's constitutional ethnocracy isn't exactly Islamic, it does define the dominant racial identity as a practitioner of Islam. That has been sufficient naturally, to encourage any one seeking to validate Malay identity, to blur the distinct between the Malay and Islamic institutions, hence the current state of political word salad in Malaysia.
Historically, PAS ( component party with most seats in GE 2022, 19+% ), ABIM ( which counts PMX as a founder ), and IKRAM ( an NGO with public ties to federal government activities, which absorbed JIM, not to be confused with JI - you can read up individually on those ), have identified themselves as being inspired by MB. Another commentor here notes the concept of MB being identified as the 14th 100-yearly reformist of Islam, you can read up on that also.
3b. So, Malaysia's constitutional ethnocratic monarchy, is to a degree insulated from the threat of violence from MB, due to its role as representatives of Islamic leadership. Whereas JI, not to be confused with JIM, remains banned.
3c. It is against this backdrop that non-Muslims in Malaysia have found themselves for most of the young country's history.
(3c1.) Every non-Muslim citizen in Malaysia is potentially a Muslim citizen, and
(3c2.) every Muslim citizen is potentially a Malay, and
(3c3.) every Malay is potentially a vote in alignment with any one of many political parties laying claim to the title of "defender of Malay interests", both at the federal, and in every state government assembly, elections.
Because of this 3c. structure, religion in Malaysia has become intrinsically political, for better or for worse, under the founding text of the constitution. Amendments to that text, may be studied also.
Proselytism of non-Islamic religion to Muslims is "banned" via constitution article 11.4.'s grant of relevant powers to each state's lawmakers. Again you can read up on this. So whenever something like the notion of "Ray Koh being offed because of extremist reactions to proselytism" comes up, everyone gets nervous.
Symmetrically, Muslim proselytisation to non-Muslims is not banned, and broadly encouraged, moreover because of the 3c. structure - some politicians are incentivised to encourage it. Under this environment, staunch non-Muslim religious leaders, including parents who have specific preferences for their children, will generally practice an alert defensive stance.
This tension is inevitable, because it is caused by a structure of the country's own constitution. That is part of something I have discussed broadly, as kedukaan sebangsa Malaysia. 😂
No comments :
Post a Comment