CALCITRIOL FUNCTION
- - nerve factors : GDNF, NGF, IGF-1, BDNF
- - signalling : Wnt/b-catenin, Shh, Klotho, Nrf2/Ho-1, NF-kB
- - interaction : vitamin A, estrogen, progesterone
- - structure : myelin basic protein, tyrosine hydroxylase
DOPAMINE SYNTHESIS
- - Tyrosine hydroxylase, NO, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ work together to build a number of monoamine neurotransmitters; calcitriol acting upon vitamin D receptors, upregulates expression of the TH gene
DOPAMINE TOXICITY
- - VMAT2 moves dopamine into vesicles, otherwise cytosolic dopamine accumulates; VMAT2 work suffers from ( among many other things ) ATP shortages from dysfunction of [ mitochondrial membrane potential, which creatine supplementation helps ]
- - cytosolic dopamine oxidises to create [ superoxides and peroxides ( fire, bad ) ], and [ oxidised dopamine, which leads to protein misfoldings also ]. Oxidised dopamine goes through a multistep process to sequestration as neuromelanin ( the black stuff ) which is just one of some five ways oxidised dopamine is managed. One of the toxic intermediaries is DOPAL, an aldehyde,so dopamine competes with consumed ethanol for degration by aldehyde dehydrogenase
- - dopamine oxidisation is mainly via monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for degrading monoamine neurotransmitters; MAO inhibitors are therapeutic in managing depression ( by maintaining neurotransmitter presence ) and Parkinson's ( disease of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra; partly from "fire" )
TYRAMINE ADJACENCY
- - MAOs also break down [ tyramine, which is familier to foodies as a product of fermented and aged proteins, which stimulates the release of noradrenaline when consumed ]; hence combining MAOIs with fermented food can lead to noradrenaline and thus blood pressure spikes, and migraines
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