Misanthropy in cognitive sciences

Misanthropy ( maybe a good startup name ) in cognitive sciences.

1. Many humans celebrate the act of living. This coalesces into a treatment of the brain as a joyful machine - lovingly and wonderfully operational. So, there is this current of trying to make machines more like humans, because there is a prejudice that humans are the best template.

2. On the other hand, I think life is boring. And I'll be damned if my brain hasn't been the dumbest piece of shit machinery I've ever had the chance to work with. So my prejudices in cognitive sciences (and politics in general) tends to be about fixing all the things that human brains are bad at.

I think each camp finds the other superficially appalling :P 

apa lagi Kita mahu?

 Walaupun tak sedap dengar, dan disebut kasar, rasanya :

1. rakyat Malaysia yang mengutamakan ketuanan Islam dan/atau Melayu, PATUT lah kukuh, satu, dan mantap, pada perjuangan bagi mengundangkan keutamaan ini ke dalam Perlembagaan Negara dan undang-undang yang seterusnya

1a. kerana, kini tiada perundangan yang menyokong niat itu, secara tersurat dan meyeluruh

2. sebenarnya, tanah hanya ruang yang terjajah berturut-turut oleh kuasa yang naik dan turun

2a. ketamadunan tanah kita yang mulia, pra-Eropah ... hasil tikaman dan pendamaian antara satu sama lain, ditikam pulak penjajah Eropah, dan seterusnya ditikam Jepun, dan seterusnya muktamad dalam kelemahannya, JADI terjadinya bentuk yang kita dapat pada 1957 - hakikatnya, bentuk KINI adalah AKIBAT [ kelemahan, ataupun kekuatan, ataupun rezeki ] DULU

3. secara am, setiap meter padu saat di tanah ini adalah peluang sementara bagi sesiapa pun yang berada, bagi membentuk dunia supaya menyerupai kemahuan dirinya

3a. perundangan hanya tatacara sementara, dan wajib berubah mengikut masa, sejauh kita tahu sehingga hari ini

4. apa lagi Kita mahu?

4a. siapa pula Kita?

( This post is only verbose, because it is a shit-sandwich. )

anthropology of exhaustion

A strategy of parents, lovers, dictators, and employers alike, is to respond to complaints with policies designed to exhaust the complainer. 

Therefore, it is important for any leader to fully comprehend the exhaustion strategically administered to the masses of society, by inserting themselves into roles of exhaustion. This is rudimentary anthropology. It is why the rich send their children to do poor jobs, from time to time. 

You cannot control what you do not comprehend. Trust is control, and that is usually won by compassion and congratulations. 

"not feudalism"

So, largely in Helmi Effendy II 's network, there currently a strong objection to the label of "feudalism" to describe Malay attitudes of fealty to royalty. 

Perhaps you can come up with some ideas, and get back to them with suggestions.

One particularly interesting suggestion from a chap was "berkerabat" as a better classifier. To which I suggested they launch a campaign to publish in as many political science and Asian studies journals as possible, about "kerabat" paradigms of monarchy, to split it off as clearly as possible from "feudalism". Of course the current academic use of the term feudalism begins with a study of European medieval society, Montesquieu, 1748.

( I know it's not really a writing subject, but since it is about word choice I figured this group was as close as it gets to a social club of political theorists in Malaysia. )

current frontier LLM internals ( broadly )

TIL current frontier "transformer" LLMs ... 

1. 

The terms "encoder, decoder" apparently, don't apply to the encoding of end-user queries. "Encoder-only" and "encoder-decoder" LLMs thus refer to entirely other things.

Frontier LLMs are "decoder-only" text generators, but they DO ENCODE the user's query into "token" space. 

Simplifying the dumb parts : the following model process applies to any data, sensory or verbal - all those inputs would be first translated into "tokens", and input the same way. After processing, all results are spat out into the target (sensory or verbal) human language. 

2.

Frontier "decoder-only" models function "autoregressively", they "produce results based on historical data". The important part of the model's thought process is broadly - grab a PENCIL and SKETCH it out - 2A looks something like this :

Input -->[ 2A1 --> 2A2 ] times, ( 80 to 120 minus skipped ) layers --> Output

2A.

Input data activates a process of 80 to 120 sequential "layers". ( Fortunately at this point in history, BRANCHING LOGIC allows some to be skipped. ) Each layer is internally composed of, 

2A1.

... an initial "attention" network, of PARALLELISED weight-holding memory cells ( stacked to varying depth ), terminating in 64 to 128 "attention heads" ( architectural variations : MHA, GQA, MQA, MLA, etc. ), whose purpose is to CLUSTER the input data, followed by

2A2.

... a subsequent "feed forward network" block, of BRANCHING weight-holding memory cells ( stacked to varying depth ), whose purpose is to LOGICALLY JUDGE the input data.

3.

During the model's "training" period, each loop through all the layers of 2A "feeds forward" data through all ( 80 to 120 ) layers in sequence, and from 2A1 to 2A2 within every layer, then checks the correctness of the result, then "backpropagates" corrections to the weights of 2A1 and 2A2 in all ( 80 to 120 minus ) layers - which make future "feed forwards" more correct. Many cycles happen, to maximise correctness.

4.

During the model's "inference" period, a "feed forward" loop through all ( 80 to 120 minus skipped ) layers of 2A happens ONCE FOR EVERY SINGLE WORD GENERATED. Like this ...

[ Query ] -> Loop1 -> adds word1

[ Query + word1 ] -> Loop2 -> adds word2

[ Query + word1 + word2 ] -> LoopN -> adds wordN

Can you see how incredibly stupid this is?

It would (should?) be much simpler to have a model that actually understands the query in terms of a sensory-spatiotemporal model, generates an answer in the same space ( which it then reads just once), and then outputs just once into the target language. Maybe this is something JEPA, and future models will fix.

5.

Because 2A1 is just about clustering the data and not judging it, all 64 to 128 attention heads and their network cells are hit, during any "feed forward" loop, unless a layer is skipped.

6.

But because 2A2 allows branching, over 90% of cells can be skipped during each "inference" loop, though none can be skipped during "training" loops.

why bother to command?

"what is so good, about the people of this world, that I should inconvenience myself, to command them?"

So I come from a short lineage of commanders, so to speak. I don't have much data beyond two generations up, so I can only sketch a small pattern. ( You can substitute "command" with "control", "lead", or something else if you like. )

Generation 1 : WHAT IS COMMAND : 

hard times, make strong folks : 

having no prior economic need for command, various encounters with trauma organically instill in the agent a fear of the absence of command.

Generation 2 : WHY IS COMMAND : 

strong folks, make good times : 

command is explicitly taught to this generation as necessary, but this generation may lack the economic context for it, leading to branched review / philosophy.

Generation 3 : WHY SHOULD I COMMAND : 

good times, make weak folks : 

the question / philosophy of command, is explicitly taught to this generation, but this generation may lack both the economic context which gave rise to command, and the economic context which gave rise to questions about command. This results in a general ambivalence about both, why command is necessary, and why the philosophy of command is necessary.

I'm in gen-3, of course. And I was raised to command - though by adolescence it seemed that the skill of command was trivially easy, and there was nothing mysterious about how it works, not was it a necessarily component of my own happiness. In other words, by my 20s, the main thoughts I had about command were, --> jump : to the title/ first line of this text

the commonest conspiracy theory in Malaysia

👷🏼戴上阴谋论帽子：当然，标准的阴谋论是这样的：

1. 马来西亚所有种族极化的政党实际上都与对立阵营的政党勾结。

2. 这些种族极化的政党并非天真地发表容易被攻击的言论，而是相互协调，轮流扮演受害者。

3. 这使得媒体中种族极化的刻板印象得以延续，支撑了种族极化政治纲领的短期支持，却牺牲了对经济增长和种族间文化融合的长期关注。

🙋🏼摘下阴谋论帽子：当这种情况在没有明确协调的情况下发生时，正如马祖基博士在最近的播客中所说，在学术界，我们称之为结构性问题。

👷🏼Dài shàng yīnmóu lùn màozǐ: Dāngrán, biāozhǔn dì yīnmóu lùn shì zhèyàng de: 1. Mǎláixīyà suǒyǒu zhǒngzú jí huà de zhèngdǎng shíjì shang dōu yǔ duìlì zhènyíng de zhèngdǎng gōujié. 2. Zhèxiē zhǒngzú jí huà de zhèngdǎng bìngfēi tiānzhēn dì fābiǎo róngyì bèi gōngjí de yánlùn, ér shì xiānghù xiétiáo, lúnliú bànyǎn shòuhài zhě. 3. Zhè shǐdé méitǐ zhōng zhǒngzú jí huà de kèbǎn yìnxiàng déyǐ yánxù, zhīchēngle zhǒngzú jí huà zhèngzhì gānglǐng de duǎnqí zhīchí, què xīshēngle duì jīngjì zēngzhǎng hé zhǒngzú jiān wénhuà rónghé de cháng qī guānzhù. 🙋🏼Zhāi xià yīnmóu lùn màozǐ: Dāng zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng zài méiyǒu míngquè xiétiáo de qíngkuàng xià fāshēng shí, zhèngrú mǎzǔ jī bóshì zài zuìjìn de bòkè zhōng suǒ shuō, zài xuéshù jiè, wǒmen chēng zhī wèi jiégòu xìng wèntí.

-

👷🏼pakailah topi komplot jap : teori konspirasi rujukan tentulah

1. Setiap parti politik Malaysia yang menunggang kaum, sebenarnya bersekongkol dengan parti-parti yang tunggangannya bertentangan.

2. Parti-parti yang menunggang kaum tidak secara naif membuat kenyataan yang mudah diserang, sebaliknya mereka sepakat dan bergilir-gilir menjadi mangsa.

3. Ini mengekalkan persekitaran media kiasan terpolarisasi kaum : maka, menegakkan sokongan jangka pendek bagi perjuangan politik berpolarisasi kaum, dengan mengorbankan tumpuan bersepadu jangka panjang terhadap pembangunan ekonomi dan pergabungan budaya antara kaum.

🙋🏼Tanggal jap topi komplot: apabila ini berlaku TANPA PENYELARASAN TERSURAT, seperti yang dikatakan oleh Dr. Marzuki dalam podcast baru-baru ini: dalam akademik kita menggelarnya sebagai keadaan berkerangka.

-

👷🏼Tinfoil hats ON : the standard conspiracy theory of course, is 

1. Each Malaysian political party that is racially polarised, is actually in cahoots with parties of opposite polarity.

2. The racially polarised parties are not naively making statements which are easy to attack, rather they coordinate and take turns to play the victim.

3. This perpetuates the media landscape of racially polarised tropes, propping up the short-term support for racially polarised political platforms, at the expense of long-term integrated focus on economic growth and cultural integration between races. 

🙋🏼 Tinfoil hats OFF : when this happens WITHOUT EXPLICIT COORDINATION, as Dr. Marzuki said in a recent podcast : in academia we call it a structural situation.

Islam's nopope problem

From chat with an influence:

3. About the world's PAST AND PRESENT interaction with Islam, I think we're generally stuck at the nopope problem. Which is, ( not sure if you or someone else reiterated it lately ) that there is no central governance for Islam, so any Tom, Dick, and Chin Lee can wake up tomorrow and start doing things in the name of Islam, without any formal body for everyone to complain to or measure them against. This is pretty much the bottleneck for progress on global attitudes towards Islam, both good and bad, Islamophilic-phobic whatnot.

Mathematics as an Information Process

 ... or "how any brains, human or artificial, can do maths" : including the creation of novel concepts for nouns, verbs, and adjectives in maths.

I started writing this as a comment on Valerio's post, but it overflowed so I made it a repost, then it overflowed, so I had to articleise it.

What the hell is maths?

I think categorically, "mathematics" isn't "a thing that can be solved" as a whole. Mathematical QUESTIONS yes, but there is no end to the questions.

Mathematics ITSELF is a [ software program ], for [ representing ways to reason about phenomenology in general ] - in other words, maths is a programming language, or compiler toolchain - with specific focus on [ phenomenology that is objective ].

( This applies to mathematics as a social activity - in private, any mind can perform subjective quantification upon phenomena it perceives, even though that activity is not directly observable by other minds. Because at this point in history, we still do not have [ social / common access ] to the [ subjective phenomenological experience of humans ], since that memory space is embedded within an ill-understood meat net. )

I think the matter of coming up with new [ mathematics, and science in general ] is really just a generative process of creating ontologies of language where existing ontologies are insufficient. It's just mutate, and cull, loop. What gives rise to the DEMAND for new ontology / concepts, depends a bit more on the field.

PHYSICS :

In physics, ontological DEMAND is a matter of "we have some observational SENSORY data that does a quantifiable pattern, but we don't have a name for the pattern, though we can point at the pattern. Also we don't know how this new pattern relates to old patterns, and we need to do more tests to find out."

MATHEMATICS :

In mathematics, ontological DEMAND is a matter of "basically everything that physicists do, but swap the object of research from SENSORY phenomena in general to [ formal INSENSIBLE verbal concepts, attached to some SENSIBLE notation that we use to represent it ]".

THE DIFFERENCES :

While physicists have to tolerate the limit of "hypotheses are falsifiable, and resistant to falsification under duress," mathematicians tend to need to show that "theses are necessarily true/false".

In the realm of testing the combinatorial play-niceness of known fundamental relations and entities, that's fairly straightforward.

THE COMMONALITIES :

The discovery of new fundamental relations and entities ... is also driven, from the same sensory source that drives such discovery in physics.

Physics and mathematics are both "sensory", it's just that in physics the sensory data is of [ intrinsic ] interest, whereas in maths the sensory data is [ just symbolic of insensible interests ].

So, in the same way machines can be programmed to be creative in hypotheses about [ intrinsically interesting sensory data ], they can do the same for [ sensory data, i.e. language morphemes and syntax, which are extrinsically interesting ].

THE MENTAL MODAL :

After all, in and of itself, [ the latent intuition about how logic, space, and time, work ] is essentially the brain's physical activity, as a [ subconscious memory space ]. Data from there then intrudes, from time to time, upon our also physical [ imaginations, as conscious memory spaces ].

Both memory spaces simply process [ sensory data structures, which we may call qualia when they move into the conscious memory space ].

A practiced thinker knows how to completely map, FROM qualia, TO analogous signals or other data structures which are known to be objectively quantifiable, through the social practice of science.

Of course, I might be venturing a bit too far here, in terms of asserting that meat brains are just sub/conscious physical information processes.

Haha

- - -

Discussion

2026-05-26 :

• the concept of "well if X is in conscious memory, then X must be an instantiation of the data types supported by your conscious memory" is from COPR, as mentioned to Alex : might be worth a wiki; or see the Sophie's World version of Transcendental Idealism / t-analytic / t-aesthetic. Ofc in LeCun's phrasing, this is a "world model".
• I think the insight on maths is : "the only way to handle maths is via sensible symbols, and we are quite sure the LLMs can handle symbols + rules + rules of replacement", so an LLM can look at "any N-dimensional field of raw noise" and formally hypothesise any new set of rules that applies to the field. Given a less noisy field the LLM can run formal or empirical tests against the field, to see if the rules still apply, just for example. This is literally all it takes to invent new science, in a very thin slice lol. And for maths, the bot doesn't even need a noise field for sensory data - it just has to check rule coherence.

2026-05-29:

It is remarkable, after all this time, that mathematics remains as much a veil, to the mode practicioner, in the same way that other conscious macrophenomena are to the mode person. Some people are ontologically committed to the notion of persons, some are committed to the notion of emotions, some are committed to the notion that food is yummy, and travelling is fun. Mathematics likewise is broadly appreciated macroaesthetically.

But if you tear apart the qualia, and isolate the categories of sensational units in every sense modality, then you are left with only a few kinds of lego, so to speak. Mathematics reduces to a sensible language, with insensible referents, and so the treatment of the language can only be tested with regards to the rules employed about the sensible language.

I guess?

2026-06-02:

It's astonishingly stupid, that some professional mathematicians can't understand how it is possible to teach a machine how to discover novel mathematics.

Simply stepping through the history of maths, demonstrates each point of "ontological demand" , where existing linguistic constructs were insufficient for a formal representation of some sensory dataset, thereby leading to the designation on new linguistic constructs as hypothetical frameworks, then affirmed as practically useful via coherence testing.

It is just a special case, of the development of languages in general. Perhaps it is because mathematicians are not often trained as philologists, even though these are both primarily about language use and development. Just as grammar teachers or English professors are not expected to be philologists, as a rule. 

deterministic systems, governed as non-deterministic

You can deterministically block things from happening. But in order to do that, your underlying architecture must have deterministic outcomes for all corner cases.

In the event when you, by nature of not having enough computational resources to check all corner cases of a deterministic system, must treat a deterministic system as non-deterministic ... it's just a black box! Like a person!

Similar approaches to governance then apply.

https://www.linkedin.com/posts/chuck-h-securityexecutive_cracksinyourfoundationmodels-aisecurity-math-share-7463025773600333824-VgO0?

a cake hater, and a pedo

Ethics is based on aesthetics. People rule against their sense of revulsion. So what makes impulsive revulsion, more revolting than measured revulsion? That is what I thought about, while chatting with another bloke in the comments on a post by a local influencer. 

The influencer had said, they were not revolted by all Muslims, but only by the subset of Muslims that engaged in activities "ABC" . To which my reaction was, hold on, that's still simply based on revulsion. One can hold it against anyone else for being a cake hater and a pedo, but that's quite completely just an expression of personal preference. 

Maybe the point of influencers in general, is missionary. Everyone just wants more people, to align revulsions with one's own. 

Extrajudicial Norms in Malaysia

for If you live in Malaysia, you must know this! The law of Malaysia EXPLICITLY points at adherence to EXTRA-JUDICIAL NORMS.

• 1. The feelings of (anyone) do NOT have definition in the law. But laws have been passed to protect (anyone) from hurt feelings, by punishing (people who hurt anyone's feelings).
• 2. The customs of "the Malays", do NOT have definition in the law. But the Federal Constitution anoints the Malay Rulers as protectors of these customs. 
• 2a. As a corollary, the definition of a Malay Ruler is delegated to the law of each of nine states, and each of those states itself has a legal constitution, that points at ( in some cases extra-judicial ) customs, which lead to the implementation of who is and who is not a Malay Ruler. 
• 3. The concept of "bumiputera" is NOT DETAILED in the Federal Constitution, and hence we have subsidiary legislation and executive bodies that address this, working together with NGOs. The constitution has an extremely brief definition of who has special rights.

In anthropology, this admission of informality creates what is called "a high-context culture".

Some people feel that this is a rich part of our culture, and prefer to have things perpetually maintained in a limbo between formality and informality.

Others feel that this limbo is counterproductive.

In any event, it is important to understand that for the time being, we live in this situation. The consideration of how valuable this is, the public discourse about it, and the perpetual progress of laws through time, is inevitably part of what makes Malaysia, Malaysia. 

---

Google for translation, because I'm lazy today, and edits marked *as such* :

Jika anda tinggal di Malaysia, anda mesti tahu perkara ini! Undang-undang Malaysia SECARA JELAS menunjukkan pematuhan kepada NORMA *LUAR-KEHAKIMAN*.

• 1. Perasaan (sesiapa sahaja) TIDAK mempunyai definisi dalam undang-undang. Tetapi undang-undang telah diluluskan untuk melindungi (sesiapa sahaja) daripada perasaan terluka, dengan menghukum (orang yang menyakiti perasaan sesiapa sahaja).
• 2. Adat resam "orang Melayu", TIDAK mempunyai definisi dalam undang-undang. Tetapi Perlembagaan Persekutuan menetapkan Raja-Raja Melayu sebagai pelindung adat resam ini.
• 2a. Sebagai akibatnya, definisi Raja Melayu diwakilkan kepada undang-undang setiap sembilan negeri, dan setiap negeri itu sendiri mempunyai perlembagaan yang sah, yang menunjukkan (dalam beberapa kes luar kehakiman) adat resam, yang membawa kepada pelaksanaan siapa Raja Melayu dan siapa bukan Raja.
• 3. Konsep "bumiputera" TIDAK TERPERINCI dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan, dan oleh itu kita mempunyai perundangan subsidiari dan badan eksekutif yang menangani perkara ini, bekerjasama dengan NGO. Perlembagaan mempunyai definisi yang sangat ringkas tentang siapa yang mempunyai hak istimewa.

Dalam antropologi, pengakuan tentang *ketidakrasmian* ini mewujudkan apa yang dipanggil "budaya konteks tinggi".

Sesetengah orang merasakan bahawa ini adalah bahagian yang kaya dalam budaya kita, dan lebih suka perkara-perkara sentiasa dikekalkan dalam keadaan tersimpang antara *rasmi* dan tidak *rasmi*.

Sesetengah orang pula merasakan bahawa ketidakformalan ini adalah tidak produktif.

Walau apa pun, adalah penting untuk memahami bahawa buat masa ini, kita hidup dalam situasi ini. Pertimbangan tentang betapa berharganya ini, wacana awam mengenainya, dan kemajuan undang-undang yang berterusan dari semasa ke semasa, pastinya merupakan sebahagian daripada apa yang menjadikan Malaysia, Malaysia.

---

NotebookLM for laziness again :

Here is the reformatted translation of the source material. Each row contains a maximum of twelve ideograms, with alternating rows of Pinyin:

**如果你住在马来西亚，**

(Rúguǒ nǐ zhù zài Mǎláixīyà,)

**你必须知道这一点！**

(nǐ bìxū zhīdào zhè yīdiǎn!)

**马来西亚法律明确指出**

(Mǎláixīyà fǎlǜ míngquè zhǐchū)

**要遵守法外规范。**

(yào zūnshǒu fǎwài guīfàn.)

**1. （任何人）的感受**

(1. (Rènhé rén) de gǎnshòu)

**在法律中没有定义。**

(zài fǎlǜ zhōng méiyǒu dìngyì.)

**但已经通过了法律**

(Dàn yǐjīng tōngguòle fǎlǜ)

**来保护（任何人）**

(lái bǎohù (rènhé rén))

**免受情感伤害，**

(miǎn shòu qínggǎn shānghài,)

**通过惩罚（伤害**

(tōngguò chéngfá (shānghài)

**任何人情感的人）。**

(rènhé rén qínggǎn de rén).)

**2. “马来人”的习俗**

(2. “Mǎláirén” de xísú)

**在法律中没有定义。**

(zài fǎlǜ zhōng méiyǒu dìngyì.)

**但联邦宪法任命**

(Dàn liánbāng xiànfǎ rènmìng)

**马来统治者为**

(Mǎlái tǒngzhìzhě wéi)

**这些习俗的保护者。**

(zhèxiē xísú de bǎohùzhě.)

**2a. 作为推论，**

(2a. Zuòwéi tuīlùn,)

**马来统治者的定义**

(Mǎlái tǒngzhìzhě de dìngyì)

**被下放到九个州的法律中，**

(bèi xiàfàng dào jiǔ gè zhōu de fǎlǜ zhōng,)

**而这些州中的每一个**

(ér zhèxiē zhōu zhōng de měi yīgè)

**本身都有一部法律宪法，**

(běnshēn dōu yǒuyī bù fǎlǜ xiànfǎ,)

**指向（在某些情况下**

(zhǐxiàng (zài mǒu xiē qíngkuàng xià)

**是法外的）习俗，**

(shì fǎwài de) xísú,)

**这导致了谁是和**

(zhè dǎozhìle shéi shì hé)

**谁不是马来统治者的执行。**

(shéi bùshì Mǎlái tǒngzhìzhě de zhíxíng.)

**3. “土著”的概念**

(3. “Tǔzhù” de gàiniàn)

**(bumiputera)**

((bumiputera))

**在联邦宪法中**

(zài liánbāng xiànfǎ zhōng)

**没有详细说明，**

(méiyǒu xiángxì shuōmíng,)

**因此我们有附属立法**

(yīncǐ wǒmen yǒu fùshǔ lìfǎ)

**和行政机构与**

(hé xíngzhèng jīgòu yǔ)

**非政府组织合作**

(fēi zhèngfǔ zǔzhī hézuò)

**来解决这个问题。**

(lái jiějué zhè gè wèntí.)

**宪法对谁拥有特权**

(Xiànfǎ duì shéi yǒngyǒu tèquán)

**有一个极其简短的定义。**

(yǒu yīgè jíqí jiǎnduǎn de dìngyì.)

**在人类学中，**

(Zài rénlèixué zhōng,)

**这种对非正式性的承认**

(zhè zhǒng duì fēi zhèngshì xìng de chéngrèn)

**创造了所谓的**

(chuàngzàole suǒwèide)

**“高语境文化”。**

(“gāo yǔjìng wénhuà”.)

**有些人认为这是**

(Yǒuxiē rén rènwéi zhè shì)

**我们文化的丰富组成部分，**

(wǒmen wénhuà de fēngfù zǔchéng bùfèn,)

**并希望事情永远保持**

(bìng xīwàng shìqíng yǒngyuǎn bǎochí)

**在正式与非正式**

(zài zhèngshì yǔ fēi zhèngshì)

**之间的模糊地带。**

(zhī jiān de móhú dìdài.)

**另一些人则认为**

(Lìng yīxiē rén zé rènwéi)

**这种模糊地带会适得其反。**

(zhè zhǒng móhú dìdài huì shìdéqífǎn.)

**无论如何，重要的是**

(Wúlùn rúhé, zhòngyào de shì)

**要明白，**

(yào míngbái,)

**目前我们生活在**

(mùqián wǒmen shēnghuó zài)

**这种情况下。**

(zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng xià.)

**对这一价值的考量、**

(Duì zhè yī jiàzhí de kǎoliàng,)

**相关的公共讨论**

(xiāngguān de gōnggòng tǎolùn)

**以及法律随时间的**

(yǐjí fǎlǜ suí shíjiān de)

**不断进步，**

(bùduàn jìnbù,)

**不可避免地构成了**

(bùkě bìmiǎn de gòuchéngle)

**马来西亚之所以成为**

(Mǎláixīyà zhī suǒyǐ chéngwéi)

**马来西亚的一部分。**

(Mǎláixīyà de yībùfèn.)

---

Additionally you can  :

Discussion:

It's quite funny. Tony is correct on half, and silent about the half mentioned in my blogpost above. So he got attacked because he is an easy target, and we are in a warzone between parties (the money for political attacks is about parties, but they manipulate racial issues).

Nearly all MADANI/DAP's public statements this year have the same strategic weaknesses - messages appeal to (own) base, but have zero defense from (other's) attack. It is like they don't bother to red-blue team their own code before they deploy. Maybe upper management has no clue about grassroots and doesn't bother to hire junior analysts to vet and risk manage their public statements. Quite "lol". All pokkai:

- macc

- temples ( best recovery )

- +

- sabah

- uec

- pig

- royal institution 

Rafizi on the other hand launched his party this week with incorrect history of economic development in Malaysia. 🤣

keselamatan negara

 "tak faham kenapa ada orang marah - bende itu sudah termaktub"

ekshellii ... saya ada pandangan lain sikit.

1. Perundangan apa-apa pun, boleh ditukar, SEKIRANYA, adanya sokongan majoriti. Kita abaikan topik ini dulu.

2. Bahasa tidak diwajibkan bagi penggunaan rakyat dalam perundangan. Ia mampu diundangkan begitu. Saya galakkan orang ramai cuba mengundangkannya - sebab saya pun dah penat dengan ...

3. ... isu orang A tak selesa dengan pendirian orang B, tapi tak nak mengundangkan isu itu. Isu hati kurang diwajibkan dalam perundangan. Jadi kita sepatutnya abaikan isu hati orang lain. KALAU satu isu penting, ia patut DIUNDANGKAN bukan biar sebagai isu hati saja. Contohnya : "sayang", "hormat", "setia" - perkataan ini semua tiada maksud, kecuali dalam otak setiap pemikir berasingan. Kalau nak membawa maksud serentak bagi rakyat, kena pakai undang, "jangan pijak bendera - kalau pijak masuk penjara" dan selainnya.

4. Ok. Sekarang kita sampai pada isu "mengapa kita takut, marah, duka, amok, dll dengan keselamatan institusi, walaupun sudah ada dalam perundangan". Pendek kata, ini bukan kecuaian. Semua gerakan perkataan di tempat awam, di media massa, surat khabar, TV, radio, medsos, sekolah awam, tempat awam ... BAKAL DIKAWAL SESIAPAPUN, jadi kenapa SESIAPAPUN, tidak nak mempergunakannya bagi mengukuhkan kuasa PARTI SENDIRI ? Kesemua isu ini adalah operasi perhubungan strategik dalam jentera politik sejak zaman dahulu, sejak TunM and mungkin boleh dikatakan sebelumnya. Bende ini memang KHAZANAH ZAMAN PERANG DINGIN.

5. Jadi siapa nak gerak untuk membatalkan politk berasaskan dengki dan pencacian antara kaum? Siapa lagi? Kalau bukan rakyat, yang SEDIA, dan MAMPU, dan DIKURNIAKN DENGAN MANDAT, siapa lagi? Itu sebabnya kita mesti galakkan anak muda untuk FASIH KENEGARAAN : perundangan, jentera politik, ekonomi, tek, dan kesenian perhubungan. Kalau tidak, BIARLAH ORANG LAIN TADBIR.

6. Nampak tak saya tidak memihak kepada ketuanan Melayu atau ketuanan pukul rata ... yang saya ingin sampaikan : dunia bukan tempat yang selamat. Keselamatan hanya dimenangi dengan kerja yang rumit.

Seriously like  - fuck this kindergarten country - I would rather be spending my time studying ML :P 

But you look at the numero uno country on earth, and it is no different. 

So you have no choice : political participation is social work.

notes from recovery of running form

Okok, I keep forgetting to jot down these two notes from running ... so before I go on about computer vision, I should do this. These are just operational recoveries of forms lost over the years, so it's a bit of a log of shame, albeit a somewhat technical one.

• 1. Yesterday's study of neural voltage was a good reminder to manage how much sensory data from each limb ( or part of the body ) hits conscious memory ... we consciously control this by activating feedback loops that contract muscles, sometimes colloquially referred to as neural tone. Maintaining a balanced proprioception of the entire body (rather than just legs, while running, for example), (a) allows for more / complete / constant kinesthetic data, as well as (b) simplifies coordination because you are applying similar signal quantities / data rates / effort / voltage / whatnot to all parts of the soma, rather than a discordant array of configurations to be adjusted in-flight.
• 2. Risk-off adjustments to vision memory management : allow one to focus less on the constant visual feed, and to think mainly about checkpoints or lap points along a route.

2026-05-23

• Brief note from yesterday's running. I seem to have forgotten to balance dopamine and adrenaline, on a per-stride basis. Failing to do so in favour of dopamine results in erosion of neural constitution as strides repeat. In other words, the operational boundary of each individual stride should comply with maintaining, or increasing pleasure. 

MNS activation and waking

Ok - back to what I was INITIALLY thinking about this morning : neuroendocrinology of transitions between sleep and waking.

PRE-READING

Observed :

• 1. at initial waking, low conscious data rate, low motor reaction times
• 2. hypoxia ( O2 constrained by beddings etc. ) associated increased wakefulness and stress
• 3. excessive heat ( due to insulation ) associated increased wakefulness and stress
• 4. intentional activation of motor units ( any muscle activity, but commonly seen as clenching, curling, or stretching in the morning ) associated with increased wakefulness but not necessarily stress

Inferred :

• 5. seems that (2,3) are via cortisol, so that makes sense
• 6. seems that (4) is doing something complicated, and I am now reading about neural signal voltages and frequencies

READING yields ...

• 7. "Recruitment" refers to the number of motor units activated. This increases from zero load, and "rate coding" only kicks in more after 80% of recruitment.
• 8. Recruitment of fibres by twitch-type* (Henneman Size Principle) :
• - slow, 1* : lowest activation threshold, "playful"
• - fast, 2a : mid-stage
• - fast, 2b : last-stage, largest motor units, "powerful" 
• 9. Motor neural "rate coding" frequencies :
• - 150 to 200 Hz in elite, trained athletes
• - 60 to 120 Hz in normal, initiation of heavily loaded movement
• - 30 to 60 Hz for sustained, heavy loads
• - 15 to 20 Hz under conditions of fatigue, to protect muscles
• 10a. The system adjacent to, but underlying the triple-network, is ARAS / the Ascending reticular activating system ( add pointer to RAS <- a candidate for consciousness functionality). Conscious MNS activity may originate here.
• 10b. Nerves in muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs : send proprioceptive feedback back to the CNS, causing stimulation. 
• 10c. High-frequency rate-coding utilises monoaminergic (neurotransmitter) pathways : effects spill over into the cerebral cortex. 

Muscle adaptation notes

TANGENT : ... Mechanotransduction ...

90a. Endurance training -> thyroid etc. hormones -> AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1a (protein) axis -> mitochondrial biogenesis -> adaptation towards slow, type-1 fibres

90b. Power training -> androgens ( testosterone etc. ) -> hypertrophy of existing fast, type-2a/2b fibres

90c. localised myostatin suppression -> hypertrophy in all of type-1/2a/2b fibres

91a. AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1a Triggers :

• - AMP/ATP ratio increases (during ATP consumption)
• - cytosolic calcium increases (Ca released from SR)
• - ROS increases (pollution from burning)

91b. Activated PGC-1a moves to the nucleus, where it coordinates BOTH nuclear and mitochondrial genomes!

92a. Hypertrophy Triggers :

• - [ titin, filamin-C, BAG3 proteins are mechanosensory complexes, at the (Z-disc) edges of sarcomeres; sarcomeres are intra-cellular structures ] -> [ cell membrane enzyme activation ] -> mTORC1 activation -> [ mRNA builds more actin and myosin; ribosome biogenesis increases ]

92b. satellite cell fusion

• - day 0 to 1 : sarcolemma ( cell membrane ) damage,  satellite cell activation
• - day 1 to 5 : satellite cell proliferation, differentiation
• - day 4 to 10 : fusion into more nuclei per muscle cell to facilitate control over larger cells
• - day 14 to 28 : maturation, and full functional repair

ASMR & general "open-minded"ness

ASMR* : in terms of brain-networks, neurotransmitters, and endocrine response.

( I was reading up on motor neural voltages, between sleep and non-sleep states, and ended up at ASMR. )

Perhaps this is relevant to my preferred state of mind, as a generalist, whereby I allow myself all-dimensional reactions to stimuli. 

ASMR apparently reflects a "higher than usual" synchrony between the CEN* and DMN*. The SN* is characteristically less-engaged, whereas it is usually responsible for flagging issues, and raising them into priorities, which then interruptively switches between CEN-dominance and DMN-dominance. 

Generally : this appears to be a risk-off state ( see : dACC* ), where sensory inputs of ambiguous risk are not interpreted immediately as threats, but are instead allowed to be contemplated as amusements ( see : NAc, VTA* ). The states of threatened and amused, each involve separate neuroendocrinal cascades, which are available for further reading.

I reflect also on how interoception is often referred to as "subjective feelings" in the literature - whereas I find that subjective feelings may all be quantified in terms of concrete sensory data types.

*

• - Autonomous sensory meridian response
• - Central executive network ( motor task oriented )
• - Default-mode network ( internal imagination oriented )
• - Salient network
• - Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
• - Nucleus accumbens
• - Ventral tegmental area ( mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways )

Yeah, one of the things putting me off neuro studies for so long was the word soup.

garam

Pasal "less of everything tu" nampaknya contoh anda lebih pada natrium. 

Dapur saya, saya asingkan garam2 ini :

• - NaCl, yg biasa tu
• - NaHCO, bikarbonat / baking soda
• - Na-glutamate, MSG / ajinomoto
• - KCl, rasa lebih pahit
• - MgCl2, nigari, rasa lebih manis
• - CaCO3, batu kapur, boleh larut asid

Biasanya : makanan komersil/terproses mengandungi terlalu banyak Na, dan kurang K, Mg, Ca

Jadi unsur2 K, Mg, Ca ... you boleh cuba mainkan sikit lah, sebab ia memang perlu tambah, dan juga rasanya lain.

"bahasa kebangsaan menyatukan kita" ?

Ini pendapat saya saja. Bahasa adalah perisian perhubungan pada zahir saja. Bahasa SENANG dibelajari, kalau ada NIAT. Tapi niat tiada pada kita menjadi satu. Mengapa? 

Isu batin yang membelah masyarakat dan politik Malaysia hampir 70 tahun adalah PERUNDANGAN PERKAUMAN. Bukan agama, atau bahasa, tapi perkauman, yang terikat pada dasarnya sebagai kedukaan sebangsa Malaysia. 

Isu2 bahasa dan agama itu semua jadi tunggangan saja. Lantai itu perkauman. Lantai sudah lumpur. Masa depan kita boleh fix lagi benda ini, tapi kena tunggulah, siapa jadi negarawan yang pandai 

🤣🤣

- - -

Discussion.

"kewajiban tiada dalam perundangan. Bukan semua orang hidup ikut isi hati. Ramai kita hidup ikut undang kak 👍🏼

Undang boleh digubal bagi memaksa perbahasan yang diingini 🌞" 

Sparse autoencoders

 "Sparse autoencoders / SAEs" - if you run into this jargon, it just means "capability to analyse a complicated issue into multiple simpler components". Basically middle-school reasoning / critical thinking / analytical philosophy. 

However, with regards to the implementation of SAEs in "transformer" architectures, it just gives you a better stochastic parrot, as it doesn't introduce things like rules or logic programming at all. It's just an increase in the resolution of a probabilistic reasoning algorithm.

Malaysian politics recap

1. Unlike Tony, I think Rafizi and Nik are doing great. 

1.1. Unlike Payung Besar Melayu, ditto. 

1.2. What we have here is true evidence of democracy. 

2. I don't think Anwar is doing a horrible job. 

2.1. He does some pretty damn stupid things, by letting coalition partners run rampant with messaging. Too bad. I accept this. 

2.2. I am ambivalent about his continued role. Not the worst I've seen in this damn country! 

3. Economic growth results from peace. 

3.1. Not all forms of peace are interesting. Mahathirism was an incredibly uninteresting example of peace.

3.2. Rome wasn't built in a day, and Malaysians are still dumber than Romans.

3.3. Keep your hopes up, we might be smarter some day. 

mukallaf

Konsep mukallaf mungkin menggagaskan suatu lokus bimbingan bagi rakan-rakan saya yang berkepercayaan bahawa tuhan menginsankan manusia.

Saya, yang berkepercayaan bahawa manusia telahpun mencipta gagasan tuhan, meminati isu ini dari segi antropologi kebudayaan.

Kini ahli falsafah, iaitu pengurus risiko, amat menumpukan perhatian terhadap keselamatan pengunaan AI, dan tahap pengiktifrafan personaliti undang-undang AI.

corporal and capital punishment?

I don't agree with corporal punishment because it's simply not effective. It may stop certain behaviour, but it doesn't modify the cognitive apparatus of the actor, coherently 🙂

Likewise with the death penalty : if we approve of the death penalty, we should kill more weak people in society preemptively also lol.